Metformin

Introduction:

Metformin, marketed under the brand name Glucophage among others, is a first-line medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It is one of the most commonly prescribed medications in the United States and belongs to the biguanides class of drugs.

Pharmacology:

Metformin works by decreasing the liver's production of glucose and increasing the muscles' sensitivity to insulin. This dual action helps control blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes, thereby reducing the risk of long-term complications. Unlike many other diabetes medications, metformin does not cause weight gain and may even lead to modest weight loss.

Dosage and Administration:

Metformin is typically started at a low dosage and gradually increased to minimize side effects. The starting dose is often 500mg once or twice a day, increased to a maximum of 2,000-2,500mg per day. It is best taken with meals to reduce stomach upset.

Side Effects and Interactions:

Common side effects of metformin include gastrointestinal upset, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. These side effects can often be minimized by starting with a low dose and gradually increasing it. Rare but serious side effects include lactic acidosis, a condition characterized by a buildup of lactic acid in the body.

Metformin can interact with other medications, including some common ones like furosemide, nifedipine, cimetidine, and amiloride. Always inform your healthcare provider of all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, you are taking to avoid potential interactions.

Pharmacy Operations and Prescription Processing:

As a pharmacy technician, it is crucial to ensure accurate dispensing of metformin. Verify the dosage and quantity, and counsel patients on the importance of taking the medication as directed, including the need for gradual dose escalation.

Because metformin is a high-volume prescription, inventory management practices should be in place to ensure the drug is always in stock. Regularly check the expiration dates and ensure that the older stock is dispensed first.

Conclusion:

Metformin plays a vital role in managing type 2 diabetes and PCOS, making it a top 200 medication in the USA. As a pharmacy technician, understanding its pharmacology, administration, side effects, and potential interactions can help you provide better service to patients and contribute to their overall health outcomes.